What is a key political principle in Japan’s constitution?

The Japanese constitution, adopted in 1947, emphasizes the promotion of peace and human rights as fundamental principles. Article 9 of the constitution explicitly renounces war and prohibits the maintenance of military forces for warfare, reflecting a strong commitment to peaceful relations and conflict avoidance. Additionally, the document upholds individual rights and liberties, ensuring that human rights are protected and advocated for within the framework of Japanese society. This context of peace and human rights is central to Japan's post-war identity and governance, demonstrating the country's dedication to these ideals.

The other options misrepresent the guiding principles of the constitution. Absolute monarchy is not a feature of Japan’s constitution; after World War II, Japan transitioned to a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The concept of popular sovereignty is actually embraced in the constitution, particularly with the understanding that sovereignty resides in the people rather than in a ruling monarch or government. Lastly, the focus on military expansion is directly contradicted by Article 9, which prevents the establishment of military forces for purposes of war, positioning Japan as a nation committed to pacifism rather than militaristic pursuits.